Some people believe that shadow puppetry was an early form of motion picture storytelling. In Jian'ge county, Guangyuan, Southwest China's Sichuan province, Gaoguan Shadow Puppetry art stands out as a unique and time-honored tradition.

Gaoguan Shadow Puppetry [Photo provided to cngy.gov.cn]

Historical records suggest that Gaoguan Shadow Puppetry originated during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) when Emperor Xuanzong sought refuge in Sichuan. Court musicians who accompanied him are believed to have introduced the art form, which was later refined and localized by Jian'ge artisans.

A typical Gaoguan shadow play troupe consists of nine performers. Three handle the puppets while also delivering vocal performances, and six form the accompanying band—four playing percussion and string instruments, and two on wind instruments. During performances, puppeteers manipulate the intricately crafted figures behind a white screen, narrating stories in sync with dynamic instrumental music.

The puppets, made from high-quality cowhide, undergo a meticulous process that includes soaking, tanning, and refining to achieve a delicate, flexible, and glossy texture. The carving techniques are exceptionally intricate, producing lifelike figures with expressive facial features, elaborate costumes, and ornate decorations.

Compared to traditional Sichuan opera stages, Gaoguan Shadow Puppetry is more adaptable, requiring minimal setup and fewer performers. Without elaborate costumes or makeup, it offers an accessible form of entertainment that continues to be cherished by local communities.