Wangcang county is located at the northern edge of the Sichuan Basin and the southern foot of Micang Mountain. To its east are Nanjiang county and Bazhou district, to its south is Cangxi county, to its west are Zhaohua district, Lizhou district, and Chaotian district, and to its north are Ningqiang county and Nanzheng district in Shaanxi Province.

Wangcang has a subtropical humid monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 16.2 degrees Celsius. The average annual rainfall is 1,136.1 mm, of which 986.2 mm, 86.8 percent, falls from May to October. 

Minerals. There are more than 70 kinds of proven minerals. Among them, coal reserves are 460 million tons, granite is one billion cubic meters, marble is 100 million cubic meters, limestone is more than 34 billion tons, and iron ore is over 100 million tons.

Plants. The county's forest area is 209,600 hectares, a forest coverage rate of 57.4 percent. There are 4,940 kinds of wild plants, including 2,597 vascular plants and 120 endangered plants; 17 economic forest trees and 1,500 medicinal materials (318 species available for purchase). Valuable medicinal materials include gastrodia elata and musk.

The county is the hometown of famous and special economic forests of Eucommia, a national standard production base of green food raw materials (tea), and the hometown of famous Chinese tea. Eucommia and Micang Mountain are listed as having "National Products of Geographical Indication".

Animals. There are 307 species of animals in the territory, and 50 species (46 of them are wild) with great development value. Hanwangshan giant salamander is listed as a "National Product of Geographical Indication".

Water. The county's hydropower reserves are 455,700 kilowatts, and the developable amount is 101,000 kilowatts.

Tourism. The county boasts rich tourism resources, which are mainly divided into four categories: natural ecological tourism resources, geological scientific research tourism resources, red cultural tourism resources and folk cultural tourism resources.

Natural landscapes include the Gucheng Mountain-Qilixia National AAAA-level Tourist Attraction, the Micang Mountain Grand Canyon Scenic Area, the Yanjing River-Longtanzi Original Ecological Scenic Area, the Hanwang Mountain-Lutingxi Hot Spring Natural Scenic Area, and the Jiachuan Dinosaurs Fossil cluster that covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters.

The cultural landscapes include the ancient plank road in Qili Gorge and Yanjing Gorge, the Tiefo Temple, the Mumen military meeting site, the Red Army stone carvings and other revolutionary cultural relics under provincial-level protection. 

Human resources. The county has a population of 530,000, including about 218,000 working-age laborers and 100,000 surplus laborers; about 168,000 workers migrate from the county every year.